In July 2010, GAO reported on federal efforts to combat foreclosure rescue schemes -- schemes that promise but do not deliver foreclosure prevention assistance. Subsequently, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act required GAO to study interagency efforts to crack down on these schemes. This book updates GAO's 2010 report and examines the available information about the prevalence and nature of foreclosure rescue schemes, and the status and scope of the federal government's multi-agency effort and other major initiatives to combat them. It also examines the nature and prevalence of these schemes, federal efforts co-ordinated to combat these schemes and other major efforts, and factors that may affect federal efforts' success in combating these schemes.